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MAPK signaling pathway - 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路

细胞内关键的信号传递网络，通过三级激酶级联反应（MAPKKK→MAPKK→MAPK）传递多种胞外信号，包括生长因子、细胞因子、应激刺激（如氧化应激、紫外线）。哺乳动物中主要存在四条分支：ERK1/2（调控增殖、分化）、JNK（调控凋亡、炎症）、p38（调控应激响应、分化）、ERK5（调控血管生成、细胞存活）。例如，生长因子激活 ERK1/2 通路，促进细胞增殖；氧化应激激活 JNK 与 p38 通路，诱导细胞凋亡或启动应激适应。通路参与胚胎发育、免疫应答、组织修复等多个生理过程，异常激活与肿瘤、炎症性疾病、神经退行性疾病相关，靶向 MEK、ERK 的抑制剂已用于肿瘤治疗。
核心功能：传递生长因子、应激等信号，通过三级激酶级联反应调控细胞增殖、分化、凋亡与迁移。 关键调控分子：Ras、Raf、MEK1/2、ERK1/2、JNK、p38。

125467750 (EFNA4-EFNA3), 1435 (CSF1), 1942 (EFNA1), 1943 (EFNA2), 1944 (EFNA3), 1945 (EFNA4), 1946 (EFNA5), 1950 (EGF), 2069 (EREG), 2246 (FGF1), 2247 (FGF2), 2248 (FGF3), 2249 (FGF4), 2250 (FGF5), 2251 (FGF6), 2252 (FGF7), 2253 (FGF8), 2254 (FGF9), 2255 (FGF10), 2277 (VEGFD), 2323 (FLT3LG), 26281 (FGF20), 26291 (FGF21), 2668 (GDNF), 27006 (FGF22), 284 (ANGPT1), 285 (ANGPT2), 3082 (HGF), 3479 (IGF1), 3481 (IGF2), 3630 (INS), 374 (AREG), 4254 (KITLG), 4803 (NGF), 4902 (NRTN), 4908 (NTF3), 4909 (NTF4), 51378 (ANGPT4), 5154 (PDGFA), 5155 (PDGFB), 5228 (PGF), 56034 (PDGFC), 5623 (PSPN), 627 (BDNF), 7039 (TGFA), 7422 (VEGFA), 7423 (VEGFB), 7424 (VEGFC), 80310 (PDGFD), 8074 (FGF23), 8817 (FGF18), 8822 (FGF17), 8823 (FGF16), 9048 (ARTN), 9965 (FGF19)7124 (TNF)3552 (IL1A), 3553 (IL1B)356 (FASLG)7040 (TGFB1), 7042 (TGFB2), 7043 (TGFB3)929 (CD14)7046 (TGFBR1), 7048 (TGFBR2)355 (FAS)3554 (IL1R1), 3556 (IL1RAP)7132 (TNFRSF1A)1436 (CSF1R), 1956 (EGFR), 1969 (EPHA2), 2064 (ERBB2), 2065 (ERBB3), 2066 (ERBB4), 2260 (FGFR1), 2261 (FGFR3), 2263 (FGFR2), 2264 (FGFR4), 2321 (FLT1), 2322 (FLT3), 2324 (FLT4), 3480 (IGF1R), 3643 (INSR), 3791 (KDR), 3815 (KIT), 4233 (MET), 4804 (NGFR), 4914 (NTRK1), 4915 (NTRK2), 5156 (PDGFRA), 5159 (PDGFRB), 5979 (RET), 7010 (TEK)10368 (CACNG3), 10369 (CACNG2), 27091 (CACNG5), 27092 (CACNG4), 55799 (CACNA2D3), 59283 (CACNG8), 59284 (CACNG7), 59285 (CACNG6), 773 (CACNA1A), 774 (CACNA1B), 775 (CACNA1C), 776 (CACNA1D), 777 (CACNA1E), 778 (CACNA1F), 779 (CACNA1S), 781 (CACNA2D1), 782 (CACNB1), 783 (CACNB2), 784 (CACNB3), 785 (CACNB4), 786 (CACNG1), 8911 (CACNA1I), 8912 (CACNA1H), 8913 (CACNA1G), 9254 (CACNA2D2), 93589 (CACNA2D4)2885 (GRB2)2768 (GNA12), 55970 (GNG12)8717 (TRADD)4615 (MYD88)3654 (IRAK1), 51135 (IRAK4)6654 (SOS1), 6655 (SOS2)5922 (RASA2)5923 (RASGRF1), 5924 (RASGRF2)10125 (RASGRP1), 10235 (RASGRP2), 115727 (RASGRP4), 25780 (RASGRP3)22800 (RRAS2), 22808 (MRAS), 3265 (HRAS), 3845 (KRAS), 4893 (NRAS), 6237 (RRAS)4763 (NF1)5921 (RASA1)9693 (RAPGEF2)5578 (PRKCA), 5579 (PRKCB), 5582 (PRKCG)5566 (PRKACA), 5567 (PRKACB), 5568 (PRKACG)5906 (RAP1A), 5908 (RAP1B)369 (ARAF)673 (BRAF)5894 (RAF1)5604 (MAP2K1)5605 (MAP2K2)8649 (LAMTOR3)5594 (MAPK1), 5595 (MAPK3)1845 (DUSP3), 5778 (PTPN7), 5801 (PTPRR), 84867 (PTPN5)11221 (DUSP10), 1843 (DUSP1), 1844 (DUSP2), 1846 (DUSP4), 1847 (DUSP5), 1848 (DUSP6), 1849 (DUSP7), 1850 (DUSP8), 1852 (DUSP9), 80824 (DUSP16)9020 (MAP3K14)1147 (CHUK), 3551 (IKBKB), 8517 (IKBKG)4790 (NFKB1), 4791 (NFKB2), 5970 (RELA), 5971 (RELB)4137 (MAPT)3925 (STMN1)100137049 (PLA2G4B), 123745 (PLA2G4E), 255189 (PLA2G4F), 283748 (PLA2G4D), 5321 (PLA2G4A), 8605 (PLA2G4C), 8681 (JMJD7-PLA2G4B)2872 (MKNK2), 8569 (MKNK1)27330 (RPS6KA6), 6195 (RPS6KA1), 6196 (RPS6KA2), 6197 (RPS6KA3)468 (ATF4)2002 (ELK1)2005 (ELK4)4609 (MYC)4149 (MAX)6722 (SRF)2353 (FOS)7189 (TRAF6)10912 (GADD45G), 1647 (GADD45A), 4616 (GADD45B)5879 (RAC1), 5880 (RAC2), 5881 (RAC3), 998 (CDC42)836 (CASP3)7186 (TRAF2)1616 (DAXX)10454 (TAB1)23118 (TAB2)51295 (ECSIT)8491 (MAP4K3)9448 (MAP4K4)11184 (MAP4K1)5058 (PAK1), 5062 (PAK2)6788 (STK3), 6789 (STK4)5871 (MAP4K2)1326 (MAP3K8)4214 (MAP3K1)4296 (MAP3K11)10746 (MAP3K2), 4215 (MAP3K3)4293 (MAP3K9), 4294 (MAP3K10), 84451 (MAP3K21)7786 (MAP3K12), 9175 (MAP3K13)51776 (MAP3K20)9064 (MAP3K6)4217 (MAP3K5)6885 (MAP3K7)5495 (PPM1B)4216 (MAP3K4)51347 (TAOK3), 57551 (TAOK1), 9344 (TAOK2)2316 (FLNA)408 (ARRB1), 409 (ARRB2)6416 (MAP2K4)5609 (MAP2K7)10000 (AKT3), 207 (AKT1), 208 (AKT2)5494 (PPM1A)5606 (MAP2K3)5608 (MAP2K6)5536 (PPP5C)5607 (MAP2K5)23162 (MAPK8IP3)1398 (CRK), 1399 (CRKL)3303 (HSPA1A), 3304 (HSPA1B), 3305 (HSPA1L), 3310 (HSPA6), 3312 (HSPA8)2122 (MECOM)5599 (MAPK8), 5601 (MAPK9), 5602 (MAPK10)23542 (MAPK8IP2), 9479 (MAPK8IP1)5530 (PPP3CA), 5532 (PPP3CB), 5533 (PPP3CC), 5534 (PPP3R1), 5535 (PPP3R2)4772 (NFATC1)4775 (NFATC3)2353 (FOS), 3725 (JUN)3727 (JUND)1845 (DUSP3), 5778 (PTPN7), 5801 (PTPRR), 84867 (PTPN5)11221 (DUSP10), 1844 (DUSP2), 1846 (DUSP4), 1847 (DUSP5), 1849 (DUSP7), 1850 (DUSP8), 1852 (DUSP9), 80824 (DUSP16)1432 (MAPK14), 5600 (MAPK11), 5603 (MAPK13), 6300 (MAPK12)1386 (ATF2)2002 (ELK1)7157 (TP53)2005 (ELK4)1649 (DDIT3)4149 (MAX)4208 (MEF2C)8550 (MAPKAPK5)7867 (MAPKAPK3), 9261 (MAPKAPK2)8986 (RPS6KA4), 9252 (RPS6KA5)994 (CDC25B)3315 (HSPB1)468 (ATF4)51701 (NLK)5598 (MAPK7)3164 (NR4A1)

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